Author: Kim Block

The BC Human Rights Code Supersedes ALL other Laws, if Conflict Arises

This is the BC Human Rights Code.

“Code prevails

4  If there is a conflict between this Code and any other enactment, this Code prevails.”

This is why human rights law is our strongest form of advocacy.

It doesn’t matter what the school policies are.

It doesn’t even matter what the policies are that are written by the Ministry of Education and Child Care.

It doesn’t even matter what the School Act says.

The Human Rights Code supersedes everything.

The Supreme Court of Canada has already made it crystal clear. It supersedes all laws.

Insurance Corporation of British Columbia v. Heerspink, 1982 CanLII 27 (SCC), [1982] 2 SCR 145

“The Human Rights Code of British Columbia

When the subject matter of a law is said to be the comprehensive statement of the “human rights” of the people living in that jurisdiction,

[Page 158]

then there is no doubt in my mind that the people of that jurisdiction have through their legislature clearly indicated that they consider that law, and. the values it endeavours to buttress and protect, are, save their constitutional laws, more important than all others. Therefore, short of that legislature speaking to the contrary in express and unequivocal language in the Code or in some other enactment, it is intended that the Code supersede all other laws when conflict arises.”

Even the Accessible BC Act.

https://www2.gov.bc.ca/…/accessibility/legislation/summary

Scroll down to almost the bottom.

“Why doesn’t the law mention the Human Rights Code?

In British Columbia, the Human Rights Code prevails over all other laws. This is written in the Human Rights Code. Repeating this in the proposed law would not change this and may cause further confusion.“

Not all education staff are aware of human rights and specifically human rights and how it is applied in education.

I offer you three links of education law.

Duty to Accommodate – https://www.kbpath.com/information/

Education Law – https://www.kbpath.com/education-law/

Understanding Exclusion – https://www.speakingupbc.com/understanding-exclusion/

All of our human rights education law is written in case law created by tribunal members when they make their decisions.

Yes, our children are protected by the human rights code, but these rights are not limitless. Our children’s rights are protected as they are DEFINED under the human rights code.

That means their rights are limited by the legal test that the BC Human Rights Tribunal uses, under the Code. You are not allowed to discriminate against our kids in school, without a bona fide and reasonable justification. And that leads us to read case law to find out, what that means. Lots of case law. That leads us to the Duty to Accommodate to explain what the school is responsible for and what we are responsible for.

So that means…

If the school is quoting their school district policy about not having parents attend an IEP meeting, that will conflict with the duty to meaningful consultation that is defined by case law. Hewko v. B.C., 2006 BCSC 1638 para 343-361.

It doesn’t matter what policy says what, they need to engage in meaningful consultation with us, as defined by human rights law.

In the same breath, I can assure you, that teacher classroom autonomy does not supersede the human rights code. So no matter what teachers think about their classroom autonomy rights, the Human Rights Code supersedes all of that, and your child’s human rights are above their preferences of how they manage their classroom.

It really is a systemic failure that education staff know so little about human rights and their responsibilities. It shouldn’t fall on parents to teach them this.

Accommodations are not extras. They aren’t optional. They aren’t earned with good behaviour. Your child’s teacher has the legal responsibility to provide your child with an equitable education. Period.

If you feel your child is facing discrimination, not getting the accommodations they need and the school isn’t consulting with you, use human rights law to advocate for your right to be consulted with regarding your child’s education. And, if you want to file a human rights complaint, I suggest you contact the BC Human Rights Clinic for help.

Schools fall under the SERVICE category.

*********

Discrimination in accommodation, service and facility

8   (1)A person must not, without a bona fide and reasonable justification,

(a)deny to a person or class of persons any accommodation, service or facility customarily available to the public, or

(b)discriminate against a person or class of persons regarding any accommodation, service or facility customarily available to the public

because of the Indigenous identity, race, colour, ancestry, place of origin, religion, marital status, family status, physical or mental disability, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity or expression, or age of that person or class of persons.

(2)A person does not contravene this section by discriminating

(a)on the basis of sex, if the discrimination relates to the maintenance of public decency or to the determination of premiums or benefits under contracts of life or health insurance, or

(b)on the basis of physical or mental disability or age, if the discrimination relates to the determination of premiums or benefits under contracts of life or health insurance.

************

To read case law decisions connected to human rights law, visit www.speakingupbc.com and go to my Human Rights Decisions (Cases) tab. This is not all cases, but I think it’s a great starting point.

Human rights-based advocacy is our sword and our shield.

#Education#Advocacy#HumanRights#Disability

“You Can Run on Anger”

“Anger is a motivator

You can’t run on anything else

You can run on anger

It doesn’t need to be fed

It doesn’t need to sleep…

You want to get something done,

Get good and angry“

–Into the Fire (Netflix, Sept, 2024)

This is what a mother is saying during the intro of a Netflix series. It’s about her daughter who went missing and she is saying her daughter’s case was never investigated. She said she was going to find her daughter. If she had to walk God’s green earth, she would do it. She was talking about how before all this happened, she never even knew how to use a computer. She unravelled the mystery.

It’s interesting to me all of the skills we learn and how fast we are willing to step into the unknown when it’s for our kids.

One common thing that I think parents who file human rights complaints all have in common, on some varying levels, is anger.

A violation has occurred.

A trust violation.

We run on anger.

Anger truly is a motivator. Embrace it. It will be the gas in your gas tank.

Anger is like trying to tame a wild beast. Riding a bull. You need to focus it. Get real good. Find an outlet. Like a release valve. But focus that energy. Don’t focus that energy onto people. Channel that anger into MOVEMENT and LEARNING. It needs to flow. It can’t stay buried. It will fester. Breathe in. Breathe out. Learning breathing in, movement breathing out.

People accomplish things they never dreamed they could do. Make it work FOR you.

I love the quote, “Action is the antidote to despair” – Activist Joan Baez

The failing education system is a brewing pot of angry parents. The number of human rights complaints is increasing. (The financial costs of human rights complaints in public education). Is the Ministry of Education and Child Care paying attention yet? The scarcity in education is breathing the oxygen into the fire.

Trust me.

You can run on anger.

Daycare Termination and Disability

RE: New Human Rights Case linked to daycare and termination of daycare services due to a perceived disability.

Since we all have most likely struggled with daycare issues at some point, I am posting this case.

It is a very interesting case. A situation that parents find themselves trapped in way too often.

The child hasn’t been diagnosed yet.

They suspect he might have ADHD/Autism. Their daycare terminated services.

The mother is self-representing.

This is a dismissal application.

She won.

Her case is continuing to a hearing/mediation meeting.

[1] In September 2020, at the age of two, the Child began attending the Daycare. On around October 22, 2020, the Daycare informed the Child’s parents that it would no longer provide childcare services to the Child. Services ended one month later, around November 20, 2020. The Mother brings this complaint on behalf of the Child. The complaint alleges the Daycare discriminated against the Child when it terminated its services because it perceived him to have a mental disability and because he is a Jehovah Witness, contrary to s. 8 of the Human Rights Code [Code] which prohibits discrimination in services.

[2] The Daycare denies discriminating. It states it terminated services to the Child in accordance with its “Childcare Discharge Policy” because the Daycare was unable to provide the Child with the level of care he required, and not for any reasons related to a real or perceived mental disability or to his religion. The Daycare also says that even if the Child’s perceived mental disability was a factor in the termination, it was justified in ending the childcare service it provided to the Child because the Child engaged in harmful and aggressive behaviour that put the safety of other children at risk. It asks the Tribunal for an order dismissing the complaint against it under s. 27(1)(c).

[3] The issues I must decide are:

a. whether there is no reasonable prospect the Child will succeed in proving the Daycare perceived him to have a disability and, if so, whether the perceived disability factored into the termination of services;

b. if so whether the Daycare is reasonably certain to prove it was justified in its decision to terminate services; and

c. whether there is no reasonable prospect the Child will succeed in proving his religion factored into the termination of services.

[4] For the following reasons, I deny the application. To make this decision, I have considered all the information filed by the parties. In these reasons, I only refer to what is necessary to explain my decision. I make no findings of fact.

**** This makes me wonder about education settings. Can the school just perceive them to have a disability?

Can they be protected under the Code without a diagnosis yet?

We also have another case where the teenager was bullied due to sexual orientation and he won his case, even though he is heterosexual. It didn’t matter. He was treated and bullied as if he belonged to the protected group.
Jubran v. Board of Trustees, 2002 BCHRT 10 (CanLII)
For summary and key highlights https://www.speakingupbc.com/bullying/

These two cases are examples of a perceived disability/protected ground. There is room here for these to be used in an argument in an educational setting. Whether the tribunal will accept it or not is another question.



Here is the full decision with all of the details.

https://www.bchrt.bc.ca/…/decisions/recent/2024-bchrt-251/

New Page – Section 177 – School Act. Can I appeal?

Have you been served a letter from your child’s school connected to section 177 of the School Act?

I have added a new page on my website inspired by the new Ombudsperson BC decision that was posted publicly on their website regarding school districts providing parents with information on how to appeal.

To find my page, it is located under the Education Advocacy Options tab.

Section 177

Systemic Imacts of Scarcity in Education

(This post I originally wrote and posted on July 16th, 2021. The education system is even more scarce and struggling now than when I wrote it. People in the trenches know that it is getting worse. Not better. The crisis is now. I feel this needs a re-post.)

I want to bring up the subject of scarcity and the concept of applying the impacts of limited resources in the education system. It could be physical, social, emotional, or mental scarcity.

Limited resources change how people interact and behave at the most primal survival levels. There are already many scholarly reports on how scarcity affects decision-making and neuropathways.  Scarcity is when there are limited resources and people are not getting what they need.  Animal and human behaviour will change in these environments. When something is scarce, people will put a higher value on it. People will use social capital, aggression, secrecy or whatever strategies they can to obtain those limited resources for their own unfulfilled needs. This is evolution and not a personality deficit.

Whittling the education system to bare bones and creating an environment of such limited resources will turn Mary Poppins into Cruella Deville in just a few months. Work environments can become toxic. Communication and information among staff can be used as a source of power.  Confidentiality among staff can be used as a social manipulation tool to build a sense of belonging or exclusion.  Subgroups become even more exclusive. People are being set up to fail. It’s not personal. It’s systemic design. Evolutionary instincts will kick in, and not the kind ones. Stress bubbles will burst. People will snap. Children included. Recruiting and retaining quality educators for any length of time will be challenging. This will have more of an impact on students with disabilities and those in marginalized communities. I repeat. This will have MORE of an impact on students with disabilities and those in marginalized communities.

Understaffing is a form of scarcity. When there aren’t enough people to fill the job duties that are required for functioning, and people need to step over their own job description boundaries to fill in for other people’s work, that has multiple direction points of impact. If it’s chronic, then you’ll see the ripple effects of scarcity.  Work environments will become “unhealthy” and over time people will become very dissatisfied with their work, ultimately pushing them out of the system and creating a deeper wedge in the cycle and it just goes on and on.  Underqualified staff just filling “the body” in the role, is not the solution.  Take a look at the number of job postings for school districts and take a look at the ones that are just continuously on repeat.  The districts are all in the same basket. They are even competing with each other trying to coax staff out of each other cities with advertisements.

School districts are extremely complex human systems. The number of connections and moving parts is overwhelming to me when I try to put this system into a visual representation. It looks like a large spiderweb post-wind storm. Not only do I look at all of the individual parts when I look at a system, but it’s the connections and relationships and what is generated out of those connections that also make my head spin. Now put this very complex system in a situation of scarcity. This has disaster written all over it.

The alarming fact is that the direction the current climate of education in this province is heading, will require people to become even more competitive over the limited resources. Money won’t solve all of society’s problems; however, chronic underfunding is definitely the fuel to this education fire…amongst other things.

Brainstorming exercise:

Let’s list all of the resources that someone seeks in the education system. (I will list a few, but really, I am hoping to encourage the conversation and for people to start making their own lists)

Resources in education. (Staff and students)

  • Social relationships- support, sense of belonging, attention, power, purpose
  • Mental stimulation, communication, information, choice, adequate training, knowledge, context & meaning…blog about context and meaning for students coming in the near future!
  • Physical space, food, water, access to washroom, fresh air, safety…and yes all of this applies to staff too!!
  • Access to tools to complete tasks/goals with success
  • Time to process, time to complete work, alone time, enough sleep – proper work hours (homework or class planning)
  • Currency – (staff) to access resources in their personal life and avoid scarcity

Now take all of those resources to function. Put someone in a situation of abundance. All the time in the world, lots of attention, all the communication and information they need to understand their environment. Now take the minimum of what you need and cut it in half.  Survival mode kicks in. You will have very different people on your hands.

If people have options, they will leave the system. We all have our breaking point.

Who is controlling the resources of this system?

Provincial systemic issues, are going to need a provincial intervention approach, and will require a provincial response.  Let’s start with some resources, shall we?

Adequate funding, please.

The education system needs an investment.

Let’s Talk about Hindsight!

How is hindsight an important issue to understand in education?

Well, if anyone is going to claim that their child is experiencing discrimination and go through the human rights tribunal process, a defence the school could use is “hindsight” .


Student by Parent v. School District BCHRT 237
[99]           Next, in B v. School District, 2019 BCHRT 170, the evidence supported that the school district provided the child with the recommended supports and accommodations. The Tribunal found that it was “only with hindsight” that it was possible to say that the child could have benefited from more support: para. 81. It dismissed the complaint in part because there was insufficient evidence to demonstrate that the school district reasonably ought to have known that the child required more: para. 98. In contrast here, I have found that the District had sufficient information to trigger some kind of inquiry or response beyond asking the Student how she was doing and, assuming the counsellor did this, advising of available supports.

They will claim “We didn’t know.”

So you know what that means.

Parent(s)/guardians need to be VERY communicative with the school and be telling them that:

  1. Your child is struggling.
  2. Their struggle is connected to school.
  3. How their child is struggling.
  4. How this struggle is connected to their disability.

So, we just need to be emailing constantly.

Whether they respond to those emails is another blog. But we have to have evidence that they were VERY aware and they can’t claim they didn’t know.

By communicating our child is struggling we will trigger MEANINGFUL INQUIRY.

It is very

very

very

very important that we are communicating with them.

Schools are increasingly not wanting to put communication in emails and instead, they are wanting phone calls or meetings.

But that doesn’t stop us from sending emails and creating a paper trail and documenting what is happening.

So send those emails. cc: lots of people.

Again.

Again.

and again.

It doesn’t matter what they do or say.

Regardless. Just keep sending those emails and creating that paper trail.

Regarding documentation. Click the blog Why is Documentation so Important?

Barriers! Barriers! Barriers!

When we discuss equity, accessibility the human rights code and accessibility legislation it is ALLLL about removing barriers.

Therefore when we advocate for our kids, any advocacy grounded in rights-based advocacy is going to focus on barriers.

1. Human Rights Code

    In X by Y v. Board of Education of School District No. Z, 2024 BCHRT 72

    Not all negative experiences are discrimination.

    [110] ….I accept that these incidents which X relayed to Y were upsetting to X. I appreciate that the interactions may have fed into X’s general feelings of unease at school, but the fact alone that these events may have happened is not enough, in itself, to establish that X’s disability factored into them. Not all negative experiences are discrimination. Even accepting that these incidents occurred, I did not hear evidence that could establish, on a balance of probabilities, that X’s disability was a factor in the conduct of the adults involved in these interactions.

    The test, is whether barriers have been reasonably removed.

    [142] Y has said that the learning support provided throughout X’s education has not been enough for X to “reach the same level as his peers or possibly excel”. The District’s obligation is reasonable not perfect accommodation. As I have said above, reasonable accommodation is not necessarily measured by whether a student is meeting or exceeding certain standardized learning goals but rather by whether barriers have been removed to provide meaningful access to education.

    2. Also, accessibility legislation THE ACCESSIBLE BC ACT

    Barriers

    2   (1)For the purposes of this Act, a barrier is anything that hinders the full and equal participation in society of a person with an impairment.

    (2)For certainty and without limiting subsection (1), barriers can be

    (a)caused by environments, attitudes, practices, policies, information, communications or technologies, and

    (b)affected by intersecting forms of discrimination.

    So…… what are barriers?



    As outlined from the Onatario’s Unviersity Accessibility Campus (2017) There are 5 Barriers

    Attitudinal Barriers – are behaviours, perceptions and assumptions that discriminate against persons with disabilities. These barriers often emerge from a lack of understanding, which can lead people to ignore, to judge, or have misconceptions about a person with a disability.

    Organizational or systemic barriers are policies, procedures or practices that unfairly discriminate and can prevent individuals from participating fully in a situation. Organizational or systemic barriers are often put into place unintentionally.

    Architectural or physical barriers are elements of buildings or outdoor spaces that create barriers to persons with disabilities. These barriers relate to elements such as the design of a building’s stairs or doorways, the layout of rooms, or the width of halls and sidewalks.

    Information or communications barriers occur when sensory disabilities, such as hearing, seeing or learning disabilities, have not been considered. These barriers relate to both the sending and receiving of information.

    Technological barriers occur when a device or technological platform is not accessible to its intended audience and cannot be used with an assistive device. Technology can enhance the user experience, but it can also create unintentional barriers for some users. Technological barriers are often related to information and communications barriers.

    Communicating with the school

    When communicating your communiation with the school it is the responsbility of the school to investigate what the barriers are. And to figure out how to remove them. Then they need to monitor, and adapt until the barriers are removed.

    You need to express to the school your child is struggling and how they are struggling. Communiating what you are seeing and dealing with and what your concerns are, is key to trigger this inquiry.

    Their investigation responsibilities is connected to “Meaningful Inquiry”.
    Student (by Parent) v. School District, 2023 BCHRT 237
    Summary of the Case with key highlights

    [100]      In short, I agree with the District that the Parent and Student were obliged to bring forward information relating to accommodation. The Parent did that, when she communicated that the Student had anxiety and trichotillomania and that school was taking a significant toll on her physical and mental health. That information should have been enough to prompt a meaningful inquiry by the school to identify what was triggering the Student’s symptoms and what supports or accommodations may be appropriate to ensure she was able to meaningfully and equitably access her education. The failure to take that step was, in my view, not reasonable. As a result, the disability-related impacts on the Student, arising from conditions in her Language 10 class between April 24 and June 27, 2019, have not been justified and violate s. 8 of the Human Rights Code.

    Their responsibiliy to monitor and adapt
    Summary of Case with key highlights

    [120] Ultimately, on a balance of probabilities, I am satisfied that the District discharged its duty to accommodate X in his grade 2 year by reviewing the Diagnosis Report, developing an IEP, making various support people and strategies available that were incorporated into the classroom and outside, reviewing progress and changes, and adapting its approach in response……

    Accommodations are ramps, open doorways, open windows, bridges and all other symbolic connections you can think of that all mean the same thing. It’s a way to level the playing field and provide a child with the same opportunity as anyone else. To remove a barrier. To give someone a chance. To not create more obstacles in their path than anyone else.

    Welcome to a New School Year

    Parents tend to be excited that the school year is starting. Commercials poke fun at the idea of tired parents excited to send their kids back to school. Do we all remember that Staples commercial with the Christmas music playing “the most wonderful time of the year”, parents beaming, collecting school supplies? I do.

    Preparing for another school year, for parents of kids with disabilities is different. Mixed emotions. Fear is one of them. We know we may be facing the verbal minefield of navigating conversations with district administration and processing the non-death loss over and over again when we feel that school hasn’t turned out the way we thought it would.

    We have had to make peace and accept we have become people, we never thought we would be, all in the name of advocating for our children, as we felt pushed to “jump the shark”.

    We try to “get ready” mentally…emotionally, for the upcoming year. Always wondering when the next issue or incident is going to appear.

    The education system is not designed to support inclusion. All those involved are set up to fail. It’s a hit-and-miss situation. Some kids experience it, and some don’t. For the teachers who are in the fight, standing along side of us, but are muzzled by the system to not speak out. We know you are there. We feel you.

    These are the cards we have been dealt.

    So what do we do with it?

    Human rights advocacy is our strongest form of advocacy. It has the strongest teeth. The parents who have navigated through the system have made personal sacrifices to bring these decisions to fruition.

    By using case law, hopefully, a parent(s)/guardian will not need to enter the system to begin with.

    The Human Rights Code and the Duty to Accommodate is both our shield and our sword. Understanding the school’s role and responsibilities and our role and responsibilities is key.

    Duty to Accommodate
    Understanding Exclusion

    School are required to remove barriers and continually monitor students and adapt. Never giving up. Always trying to remove the barriers. They need to investigate what those barriers are, if we tell them our child is struggling.

    We have some hope on the horizon.

    The BC’s Office of the Human Rights Commissioner has started a campaign called Rights in focus: Lived realities in BC

    Education inequalities is highlighted as the #2 issue. To read more about the education section you can read the report. Raising these issues and making them public will not mean that our issues will go away. Changes in human systems are painfully slow. And while we wait….harm is being done. But this is what is required to create social change. We need to do the slow consistent work of changing hearts and minds. And while we do this heavy lifting, we are weathered by it. But every little step we make and every little advancement all adds up. The little things do matter. They matter immensely. The little things are actually what leads to change. All of us. Lifting at once.

    There are clearly financial costs to human rights complaints in education in BC. There are also financial costs that go beyond just the lawyer’s fees and settlements for society at large. There are social, societal and human costs too. Raising awareness of these issues is step one. I am very excited that these inequity issues are being highlighted by the Commissoner’s Office.

    We need to get loud.

    Doing this by ourselves is exhausting. This is why having a support system, network, and having organizations elevate our voices is exactly what we need.

    To all of the fellow parents out there, getting ready for another school system….I feel like we need a group hug.

    “May the odds be ever in your favor” – The Hunger Games.

    The Financial Cost of Human Rights Complaints in Public Education

    (25 month period)

    Freedom of Information Request – Ministry of Finance

    This is for human rights complaints in public schools only. We aren’t even including private schools.

    Settlement fees – $252,000
    Legal fees – $1,088,772.33

    The average settlement for the 16 claims is $15,000.00

    To read the full FOI results click below.

    https://drive.google.com/file/d/1ywz1rDQd1syFH_AbRT03koOVVsJnBtND/view?usp=sharing

    I did a separate FOI request back in 2022 for 10 years.

    From 2012-2022 almost 4.5 million in 10 years.

    Almost $7,000,000.00 since 2012.

    And the costs are rising.

    Welcoming P.A.T.H. (Parent. Advocacy. Tribunal. Help)

    This summer I am deep into writing workshops to start up P.A.T.H in the fall.

    P.A.T.H is a part-time passion of mine, where I will provide workshops. These topics are for navigating external complaint systems that are available for parents advocating in the BC K-12 education system here in Canada.

    Many parents feel the same sentiment. We are the main source of accountability in the education system. For that reason, here we are.

    Many parents are spinning in circles trying to advocate for their kids, feeling like they are getting absolutely nowhere. For that reason, here we are.

    These workshops will focus on filing complaints with Ombudsperson BC, Teachers Regulation Branch, Office of the Information and Privacy Commissioner, Ministry of Education, Whistleblower policy, and the Human Rights Tribunal process. For more details on workshop topics you can read my SERVICES page. It’s amazing all of the bits of information that are important to know about when dealing with education issues through these avenues.

    To read about how in the world I landed here, my history, and why I am doing this, read my ABOUT ME page.

    And lastly, it’s important to establish our rules of communication to best protect all of you.

    When navigating these administrative tribunal systems, it is important to keep in mind that anything you say about your issues with your child’s school are called out-of-court statements. These are allegations. They are statements that haven’t been proven to be true….yet. Even though you feel they are true, until they are proven in court or in front of a tribunal and a decision has been made, they are nothing more than allegations. This is important to keep in mind so you can decide who you talk to /or not talk to about your case. We all need social support systems. However, when considering what to post on social media, I encourage you to be thoughtful. There may be eyes on your social media accounts.

    Defamation is something you can be sued over. Here is the legal definition of defamation from the criminal code. Defamation only requires you to say something defamatory to one person. If what you are saying is true, AND that you have evidence for it, it’s not defamation. Here is a great resource on Dial-A-Lawyer on this topic.

    I am not a lawyer. We do not have lawyer-client privilege, which means if you are in the human rights tribunal process, I could potentially be called as a witness at a hearing or our email communications be requested. The best way to protect yourself is to keep yourself really clean and not email me any confidential documents, not tell me any identifying details about your case, and not even use your real name…. you may even want to use/create a non-identifying email address. My commitment is to reduce your risk. Peace of mind is priceless. That is why I have established rules for email communication.

    To read about them, you can click on my contact page.

    I want to be helping out as many parents/guardians as I possibly can, for a long time. These rules are like the walls of the house that will keep this house standing.

    It’s also important to note that legal advice applied to your case and navigating complaint systems are two different things. When it comes to legal advice, you should only be getting legal advice from a lawyer. Anything less, and what may seem like a benefit to you, will actually not benefit you at all.

    In addition to my degrees, I have a certificate as a Family Life Educator and this is the framework in which I will be operating P.A.T.H. That is, I am not the expert of you, your family, your child, or your situation. I offer up lots of information like a Sunday brunch buffet. It is up to you to reflect on your life and decide what you want to put on your plate. Only you will know what is best for you and your family. I just want to help you make the most informed decision and empower you with the knowledge to be able to advocate in ways that address your family’s needs.

    And so, we have P. A. T. H

    As we move into September I’ll be starting the conversation on workshop dates.

    Have a wonderful summer!